Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Programming Piracy past the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s driving PC organizing hardware creator Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, documented a claim against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States auxiliaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the claim, Cisco affirmed that Huawei took licensed innovation by replicating its Internet Operating System (IOS) programming and its copyrighted client manuals. Cisco additionally guaranteed that Huawei encroached on its licenses. After various bombed endeavors to determine these objections legitimately with Huawei, which incorporated a stop this instant letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom wholesalers, Cisco concluded that a claim was important to secure the organization and its shareholder’s advantages. The claim was prepared through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will give a diagram of this milestone case and talk about whether each organization had an alternate perspective on morals that started from contrasting social points of view. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page grievance recorded in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas requested a preliminary by jury because of Huawei’s misappropriation and licensed innovation encroachment in the advancement of its contending Quidway switches. One of Huawei’s United States based entirely claimed auxiliary, FutureWei, is situated in Plano, Texas; the other auxiliary Huawei America is situated in California’s Silicon Valley, close by Cisco Systems’ central station. The China-based parent organization is a multi-billion dollar enterprise that has fabricated system and media communications gear since 1988. Huawei showcased its Quidway switch... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/local/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, second version, Prentice Hall, 2003. Banners got from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Gm Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Gm Swot Analysis Essay General Motors Company is an American global car partnership headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. One of the top automaker organizations on the planet. General Motors most notable as GM has buy a few brands throughout the years. Everything began with William â€Å"Billy† Durant who was the organizer of General Motors on September 16, 1908 (History and Heritage) Durant was a producer of pony attracted vehicles Flint, Michigan yet observed extraordinary open doors in the car business. As request became throughout the years did as well GM. The car organization purchased Chevrolet, Vauxhall and Opel. GM opened numerous plants inside and outside the United States and they needed to make â€Å"a vehicle for each handbag and purpose† (History and Heritage) World War I and II were difficult situations for each organization however GM discovered open doors on shoppers who were anxious to buy merchandise that were impractical during war. The way in to the achievement of GM was the creative plans that made buyers felt in affection, for example, Chevrolet Corvette and BelAir, Cadillac El Dorado. Simultaneously, the organization provided the Allies during war with trucks, tanks and planes. GM raked in tons of cash and all the more significantly gain from this experience. Be that as it may, everything was not impeccable as organizations need to continue developing and altering so as to continue driving an industry. Outside automakers organizations from Japan and Germany put forth attempts to go up against GM and fare vehicles to the United States that were littler and would be advised to gas mileage and they were additionally better for the earth. This new kinds of vehicles carried enthusiasm to shoppers and GM began encountering misfortunes in the market. Since GM was an enormous organization it was hard to alter course. So as to go up against outside organizations, GM needed to revamp the organization and contend as a solitary worldwide organization. What's more, GM buy more brands to show signs of improvement assortment of vehicles however the organization despite everything couldn't keep pace of the eco-friendly and space of other remote organizations that were developing and remove a portion of the piece of the overall industry of GM. Regardless of everything, GM continues endeavoring to recapture share from contenders and the eco-friendly is a key region to improve. These days there are different wellsprings of vitality, for example, electric vehicle innovation and hydrogen controlled energy component. GM was putting forth huge attempts to contend yet a downturn happened during 2008 and the organization sought financial protection. The U.S. treasury gave a credit to General Motors to proceed in business and rebuild its tasks. These days, GM is an increasingly lean organization and it has rebuild it is activities so as to be more spotlight available. GM has experience incredible deals and is selling more vehicles outside the U.S in key markets. Therefore, GM is the main automaker organization in China, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany and United States. GM has another face, they have rebuild the association and the organization has another plan of action with another vision and experience workers that comprehend the stuff to be the main automaker organization on the planet. GM is center around conveying the world’s best vehicles with decent plans, proficient fuel and great costs. Simultaneously, they have gained from the past that geologically, the interest for vehicles are unique so they have take a shot at conveying vehicles relying upon the landmass where they are working. GM realizes that so as to be a main organization they can't simply sell vehicles; they need to offer the correct vehicle to the correct market. GM has indicated that they are equipped for having the most recent innovation with the Chevrolet Volt and they would continue advancing to fulfill clients request in each space in the globe. At long last GM needs to have a proactive methodology rather than a receptive methodology and they realize that they need a proactive way to deal with keep steady over the business and characterize the business gauges. GM realizes that they despite everything have shortcomings in the organization, for example, an enormous organization that it is hard to control. Simultaneously, outside organizations, for example, Honda, Toyota, Nissan, Kia, Volkswagen have gain clients dedication and it would be a test for GM to pick up piece of the pie from them. Different shortcoming of GM would be the mind boggling gracefully chain of the organization since it is a huge organization and it would have various parts from various producers and it is exceptionally hard to monitor all the requests. GM needs to build up an approach to have a low eco-friendly in the entirety of their vehicles in light of the fact that the vast majority realize that American vehicles spend bunches of gas. The chances of GM are a few. GM has numerous models that are portions of the car business and they have overhaul a few models so individuals would get them. Additionally they have the help of the U.S government and they can give better advance to clients. GM is likewise present in developing markets. For instance, China is encountering develop in their vehicle industry since progressively Chinese individuals can manage the cost of one. GM is well situation in China and they have gained from joint endeavor what Chinese individuals is glancing in a vehicle. In addition, they have rebuilt the plan of action of the organization and they know about their upper hand and they know the zones where they need to improve. The dangers face by GM could be the ascent of fuel cost or the advancement of a contender that would give a vehicle to client that utilizes a less expensive vitality to utilize it. Likewise, contender may improve their structures, costs or quality. Another danger might be the vehicle sharing assistance or another Chinese approach that upsets organizations in China. As I would like to think, the greatest danger of GM is the mileage measures. The organization would need to work more diligently around there to show signs of improvement than the main automakers here which is Honda and Toyota. To finish up, I accept that GM is working superbly having a more slender activities and selling various models in every mainland since the circumstance in America is certainly not equivalent to in Europe. In any case, they have to make a solid effort to remain in business in light of the fact that different organizations are picking up customers’ devotion and improving each year. Works Cited â€Å"This is the New GM†. 2010 Annual Report. General Motors Company, n,d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. History and Heritage. History and Heritage. General Motors, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013.

Where is My Award Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Where is My Award Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I want to provide an update regarding financial aid award letters.   There are two things that have posed some challenges in generating award information this year. First, Columbia University is in the process implementing a new university wide financial aid software system.   This changeover has taken a bit longer than expected and we have been working hard to get everything programed to run correctly. Second, as you might have seen in the news, the Federal government has instituted some new policies that change the way Federal student loans are administered.   This change only took effect recently and we have to integrate this into our software processing.   The loan programs have not changed in substance, it is just that the government will be handling 100% of the processing rather than sharing duties with private banks. Let me give a short overview of the types of aid that are available and what your package is likely to include.   I will start with U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents. First, any U.S. Citizen or Permanent Resident is eligible for $20,500 per academic year (two semesters) in Stafford Loan funding (assuming the applicant has not defaulted on a previous Federal loan).   There are two types of Stafford Loans: subsidized and unsubsidized.   The government will pay the interest on subsidized loans while students are enrolled and does not pay the interest on unsubsidized loans while you are enrolled.   There is no credit check required to qualify for a Stafford loan and the exact split between subsidized and unsubsidized funding will be based on the expected family contribution (EFC) generated by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).   The only lender for these loans is the U.S. Federal Government. Second, U.S. Citizens or Permanent Residents can apply for a federal PLUS loan.   This loan is administered through the Government as well and does require a credit check.   The loan amount can be up to the cost of attendance, minus all other aid received. So let us say for example that you qualify for $20,500 in Stafford loans and the total cost of attendance   (education and living expenses for one academic year) is $60,000.   You could apply for a PLUS loan up to $39,500 in this scenario ($60,000 minus $20,500). Third, if you do not wish to apply for PLUS loan or apply for one and are denied, you can pursue a private education loan through a bank.   Many banks offer private loans for educational purposes and you can find a list of such banks here. Fourth, depending on the EFC generated by your FAFSA, you might be eligible to receive a Perkins loan.   A Perkins loan is also a government based program, but it is administered by Columbia University.   The benefit of a Perkins loan is that it has a lower interest rate however the maximum a student can receive at SIPA is $6,000.   Also, the University only has a limited amount   Perkins funding to award.   Perkins loans are given to applicants with the lowest EFCs first until the money in the Perkins loan fund for the year has been depleted. Fifth, work study awards allow students to apply for jobs on campus.   Like the Perkins loan, work study is awarded based on EFC and we do have a limited amount to award.   First year students that receive work study can apply for jobs at SIPA and across the university. Finally, any funding that have received from SIPA or an outside organization is included in your financial aid calculation.   So, if you were awarded a SIPA fellowship of $20,000, this will be included on your financial aid package and will help to determine the amount of other awards you might qualify for.   In addition, if you have received funding from an outside organization you will have to provide this information to our office so that we can make sure that it gets applied to your student account and included in your financial aid package. If you are not a U.S. Citizen there are loan options, but at present we are only aware of programs through U.S. banks   that require a cosigner that is typically a U.S. Citizen or Permanent Resident.   In the past we have worked with banks to provide loans that do not require a U.S. cosigner, however we do not have such an option at this point in time, mainly due to turbulence in the financial markets in recent history. International students can also apply for jobs on campus, but this process is competitive.   To start researching U.S. banks that might be able to offer loans to international students, please click here. Some applicants have asked about the possibility of working at SIPA to help defer educational costs.   We do provide such positions at SIPA, however they are reserved for second year students. Our new financial aid software will provide information to you in much the same way that our admission application system does.   When an evaluation of your data has been completed, you will receive an email and you will be asked to log in to an online system to view the awards you are eligible to receive.   We hope to start sending out notices any day now. Thank you for your patience and if you want to do some more reading on the topic, feel free to visit the financial aid portion of our Web site.

Biographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes...

Biographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes Dream Boogie Michelle Cooks ENG Teacher January 30, 2012 A biographical or historical approach attempt to measure how much an authors life or history has influenced their writings. Most of the time, writings are strengthened when the author writes from a biographical or historical angle, and the importance of their history becomes significant when it is used to create characters that express its values and examines trends that occur in that time period. When using a biographical or historical approach to an author and his work, it is important that the critic is familiar with the circumstances that the author writes about. The critic must explain whether or not the†¦show more content†¦Langston Hughes embraced his surroundings and adopted the characteristics from his culture, and with his unique style, tone, and use of symbols, he used his writings as a plan to identify and overcome the injustices of the African American people in Harlem during the Civil Rights Movement. Langston Hughes short poem, Dream Boogie captured my attent ion because of the style in which it was written and honestly, because of the author. The use of his words and the style of his writing, also known as the tone of this short poem give the reader insight into the dialect of African Americans in Harlem during Hughes era. Their language, which was considered slang, was informal and contained made-up words and used common words in abnormal ways. For example, Hughes used words such as aint and boogie-woogie, which was a term that was used in Harlem to refer to the blues. The tone was set on the style of be-bop, which is slang for jazz music. This is music that is improvised or made-up and put together along the way and originated in Harlem (Dictionary, 2005). Langston Hughes stated that jazz music to him is one of the deep-rooted styles of expression of the Negro life in America (Clugston, 2010). The rhythm in Dream Boogie is altered and does not have a continuous repeated pattern (Kate, 53). Through his imagination, Hughes designed this poem to reflect the mood and attitude of be-bop, and his unclearness orShow MoreRelatedReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie1222 Words   |  5 PagesReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie T Wilkins ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Instructor M. XXXXXXXXX May 22, 2011 Literature, no matter what the topic of form it comes in, has the ability to raise issues, spark thought/imagination, and/or draw out emotions that have been buried deep within us as people. It is expected, from the authors, that readers will form opinions and criticisms for their works. Be it that the readers’ emotions parallel those of the writerRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States

What Does College Essay Admission Samples Mean?

What Does College Essay Admission Samples Mean? The more you tell us about your requirements, the better essay help we'll be in a position to provide. There are hundreds and hundreds of books and articles with suggestions and suggestions about how to write a college entrance essay. For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's absolutely free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Bear in mind, your words continue to be an issue of translation! Schools want shaped individuals involved with something larger than themselves. Or, you might not have a specific subject your exceptional at, but you need a good deal of interests and experiences in machinery or metalworks. The urge to help people has ever been there for me. Take into consideration the choices you have made in your career, and the way your previous experiences have combined to supply you with your present skill collection. What You Should Do to Find Out About College Essay Admission Samples Before You're Left Behind Immersion in culture provides you a legitimate immersion in language. Every applicant from INSEAD is coming from an exceptional background and from many unique nations. Language helps others become introduced to a different culture. It is one facet of culture, and the most reliable window into it. One of the most difficult facets of college life is finances. One of the very first things to do in order to college is applying. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the probabilities of admission. Oeuvre the very best college admission essays are among the most provocative details of the college employment transform, and it's also among the most eventful. A Secret Weapon for College Essay Admission Samples The stream of your essay ought to be smooth and logical. Words which you might have never run into. The ideal answer is one which shows you're self-m otivated and don't need paid work to carry on developing yourself. The second region of the question also has to be answered. Such questions need deep introspection for you to get to the core of your nature and influences. Answering such a question would ask that you introspect. 1 important part of an overall good college admissions plan is having a good test program. The admissions committee may scan your private statement for plagiarism working with an on-line program. It is crucial to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. Anthony was not a great student. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. These concepts utilised in my system are made to help your student both creatively and systematically craft some of the best college admissions essays feasible. The majority of the students feel difficulty to compose their college essay since they have not sufficient understanding about college essay. Another tip is to simply downplay the terrible grades by your college admission essay. The Basics of College Essay Admission Samples You Can Learn From Beginning Immediately The college essay is by far one of the greatest tools available within the application process to permit your student to significantly stick out from the competition. Our crew of experienced professionals will give you individual attention and exceptional guidance throughout your procedure for application. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost alw ays short which makes many possible applicants worry they will not have the ability to submit their sample essay for MBA application in time. If you don't find out how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be happy to help you. After the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. As the writer you are the person in control. The Battle Over College Essay Admission Samples and How to Win It By focusing on the great things and giving the correct justifications, you greatly enhance your likelihood of admission. Now, it's merely a matter of writing the ideal things to convince admission officials that you're worth their pick. The situation is made worse by the simple fact that the expense of living keeps increasing each and every day. It's essential to take note that no additional two-word combination could create a full sentence. If you would like to submit an application for admission in a university, you have to be aware of about the subjects it is possible to study there. You should demonstrate why it is possib le to fit in the program your prospective university extends to you. You must also understand what the university is famous for. You should prove to your prospective university in addition to yourself that you're making the most suitable selection. Definitions of College Essay Admission Samples Clients are the absolute most important portion of our work. There is nothing more personal than what you decide to do outside of school or employment. As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays could be challenging. Finding another man to read your draft is a great idea too. You must find the correct resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the correct inspiration to write. Often, it's simpler to compose the introduction at the end. Although you may want to supply relevant context for your existing role, make certain you are devoting the majority of the essay to describing the facts of your day-to-day responsibilities and oversight. Keep in mind your story ought to have a sound plot and be entertaining. Fairly brief date gaps aren't that unusual. If you don't, it's possible to actually hurt your odds of admission. Maybe you are volunteering in a non-profit that's linked to your career objectives. It is essential for you to understand that you have to be honest in what you right.

Acquisition Strategy †Summary Free Essays

ACQUISITION STRATEGY BY ALBERTO MEDINA MGT: 450 ESSENTIALS FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTOT: TRAVIS WILLIAMS January 23, 2011 In today’s market it is very important for company’s to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a company can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value. We will write a custom essay sample on Acquisition Strategy – Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the company’s competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership. In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargo’s competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion. Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a long time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This effort will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come. Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be duplicated, meaning their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Danisco’s revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such as sweetners and enablers. This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This gave them quick access to new technologies and other resources thus increasing their competive capabilities. Refrence 1. Essentials of Strategic Management, the Quest for Competitive Advantage 2nd Edition, John E. Gamble/ Arthur A. Thompson Jr. , McGraw-Hill/Irwin Companies Inc. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. 2. ProQuest, Ariticle, Biotechnology; DuPont Acquire Danisco for $6. 3 Billion. Anonymous, Journal of Technological Science. Atlanta: Jan 30, 2010. pg. 609. Periodical. 3. ProQuest, Wells Fargo’s Results Show More Benefits of Wachovia Deal, Wall Street Journal(Online), New York, NY: Jan 19, 2011. Newspaper. How to cite Acquisition Strategy – Summary, Essay examples

The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic

The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust

Free Essays on Stereotyping

There is a tendency among many people to categorize individuals who look, act, and come from the same background as "us", and to categorize those who differ from this group of people as "They." However, people who are considered to be "they" in their perspective consider "us" as "they". This is an explanation of how stereotypes are created. Stereotypes affect the manner in which people interact with others of a different race or ethnicity, age group, religious background, or sexual orientation. Gender stereotypes are also prevalent within the mass media. A stereotype is an oversimplified generalization about a certain class of people. When people say that all members of a specific nationality, religion, race or gender are "cheap," "lazy," "criminal" or "dumb," they are expressing stereotypes. All groups have both cheap and generous individuals and those who commit crimes. To label an entire group based on the action of a few is to engage in stereotyping. The most common stereotypes t hat exist today have negatively impacted various groups of people In our society, there are many stereotypes created about nationalities that in return underestimate the power of each individual of a group. People from different nationalities are considered to be â€Å"they". For example, Asians may be stereotyped as being disciplined, hard-working people who excel in mathematics, while African Americans or Mexicans may be viewed in a more negative light. In "Mother Tongue", Amy Tan was trying to disprove the existing stereotype about Chinese people being good at precise science, so she went against the existing opinion and became a famous American writer. Richard Rodriguez in "Complexion," tried to prove that the Mexicans could excel in a field other than a physical labor; therefore, he became a highly intelligent person. The only way for Amy Tan and Richard Rodriguez to destroy the myth about their national belonging was to successfully accomplish their own ... Free Essays on Stereotyping Free Essays on Stereotyping There is a tendency among many people to categorize individuals who look, act, and come from the same background as "us", and to categorize those who differ from this group of people as "They." However, people who are considered to be "they" in their perspective consider "us" as "they". This is an explanation of how stereotypes are created. Stereotypes affect the manner in which people interact with others of a different race or ethnicity, age group, religious background, or sexual orientation. Gender stereotypes are also prevalent within the mass media. A stereotype is an oversimplified generalization about a certain class of people. When people say that all members of a specific nationality, religion, race or gender are "cheap," "lazy," "criminal" or "dumb," they are expressing stereotypes. All groups have both cheap and generous individuals and those who commit crimes. To label an entire group based on the action of a few is to engage in stereotyping. The most common stereotypes t hat exist today have negatively impacted various groups of people In our society, there are many stereotypes created about nationalities that in return underestimate the power of each individual of a group. People from different nationalities are considered to be â€Å"they". For example, Asians may be stereotyped as being disciplined, hard-working people who excel in mathematics, while African Americans or Mexicans may be viewed in a more negative light. In "Mother Tongue", Amy Tan was trying to disprove the existing stereotype about Chinese people being good at precise science, so she went against the existing opinion and became a famous American writer. Richard Rodriguez in "Complexion," tried to prove that the Mexicans could excel in a field other than a physical labor; therefore, he became a highly intelligent person. The only way for Amy Tan and Richard Rodriguez to destroy the myth about their national belonging was to successfully accomplish their own ...

Define and Explain Revolution in Astronomy

Define and Explain Revolution in Astronomy Revolution is an important concept to understand when youre studying the stars. It refers to the movement of a planet around the Sun. All of the planets in our solar system revolve around the sun. The path of the earth around the sun which is one complete cycle of an orbit is approximately 365.2425 days in length. Planetary revolution can sometimes be confused with planetary rotation but they are two separate things. Difference Between Revolution and Rotation While revolution and rotation are similar concepts each is used to describe two different things. Planets, like Earth, revolve or travel around the sun. But the Earth is also spinning on what is called an axis, this rotation is what gives us our night and day cycle. If the Earth didnt spin then only one side of it would face the sun during its revolution. This would make the other side of the Earth very cold as we need the sun for light and heat. This ability to spin on an axis is called rotation. What Is a Terrestrial Year? A full revolution of the Earth around the Sun is known as a terrestrial, or earth year. It takes roughly 365 days for the Earth to complete this revolution. This is what our calendar year is based on.  The Gregorian Calendar is based on the revolution of the earth around the sun to be 365.2425 days in length. The inclusion of a leap year, one where we have an extra day happens every four years to account for the .2425. As Earths orbit changes the length of our years changes as well. These types of changes usually happen over millions of years. Does the Moon Revolve Around Earth? The moon orbits, or revolves, around the Earth. Each planet affects the other one. The moon has some interesting effects on the Earth. Its gravitational pull is responsible for the rise and fall of the tides. Some people believe that the full moon, a stage in the moons revolution, causes humans to act strangely. However, there is no scientific proof to back up the claim that strange things happen during the full moon. Does the Moon Rotate? The moon does not rotate because it is gravitationally locked with the Earth. The moon has synched up with the Earth in such a way that the same side of the moon is always facing the earth. This is why the Moon always looks the same. Its known that at one point the moon did rotate on its own axis. As our gravitational pull on the  moon got stronger the moon stopped rotating. What Is a Galactic Year? The time it takes for the solar system to orbit the center of the Milky Way Galaxy is referred to as a galactic year. Its also known as a cosmic year. There are 225 to 250 Million terrestrial (earth) years in one galactic year. Thats a long trip!

Observation report project on early childhood facility Research Paper

Observation report project on early childhood facility - Research Paper Example This child development center has about nineteen classrooms and is located on Main Base in building 10 across Sollars Elementary School and is open from 6:00 am to 6:30 am. For people who want to apply for child care, they have to fill a form called: DD Form 2606, the Department of Defense Child Development Program Request for Care Record The child development centre has certain goals like enhancing the social skills of the child, encouraging the child to think, reason, question and experiment, building physical and developmental skills etc. The child development center offers full hourly and day care for the children. The center based on the availability of program also provides special care to children who face physical or developmental challenges meeting the needs of the child with guidance from a therapist, physician, or other appropriate health professionals. Those who have children facing development, physical or other type of challenges need to bring a copy of their child†™s Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Individual Family Services Plan (IFSP). The accommodations provided to the physically or developmentally challenged child would be based on the child’s IEP or IFSP. The Child development center is open for all who arrive to Misawa air base on orders which includes military as well as DoD civilians. Child care’s fee is only totally based on family’s annual income. There are different categories and different price range for different children. There is a wait list also for child care which is dependent on child’s age; the longest waiting period is for the infants and toddlers child care, due to the ratio, and space allocated. In such cases, it is advisable to get onto the inbound wait list before arriving to Misawa in order to reduce the waiting period. The programs offered by the childhood center support the development of the child in all areas of child development as they are interrelated and very important. In th is center, each child’s unique experiences and interests as well as abilities and needs are given great respect. There are three types of child care services provided at the child development centre in Misawa: 1 Full day/week care: Those parents who are working and are busy and cannot look after their child for 5 to 10 hours a day apply for this type of care. 2 Hourly or drop-in care: This type of care service is based only if there is space availability and to avail this service the person must call in the morning to reserve a spot. 3 Part day enrichment: Parents of children from 3-5 ages who do not need a full-day service but have the desire to let their child participate in an early childhood program apply for this type of care. SUMMARY: This child development center provides quality care to the children enrolled at the centre. The caregivers at the center mingle well with all the children as they are warm, friendly and gentle. People with whom all children are comfortable due to their appropriate, nurturing manner towards the children. They understand what the child needs and helps them out in all possible ways and at the same time making sure that children don’t become too dependent on others. They even practice in front of children what they preach, for instance, the

Sales and marketing in communication industry Essay

Sales and marketing in communication industry - Essay Example This has resulted from immense marketing by marketers who have worked tirelessly in search for new markets, which has revolutionized African continent hence increasing its mobile usage to a rate of 65% annually that is double the global average. Economists argue that, for a product to reach the market there must be sales people since for them to exist there must be the need to market a product and finally make a sale. Therefore, scholars describe marketing as the activities undertaken to generate leads that plays a major role in bringing in a sale. Where else the act of turning a prospect to a buyer and thereafter a repeat customer can describe selling. The intense cross-border marketing done in some countries in Asian continent reveal, mobile wholesalers in China and India have greatly influenced mobile exporters and importers from other countries through international trade. With the increasing demand for mobile phones, distributors are working tirelessly to meet the rising demand and in the process maintain the will to ensure international and domestic trade continues well. Wholesalers on the other hand are ensuring enough stock in their depots as a sign of rising need for these communication tools (Naresh, 2011:32). At the same time, sales and marketing is essential in ensuring availability of products and concrete information about the market. Moreover, no any movement of commodities could occur if it were not for both overseas and local marketing. Intensive marketing together with sales has helped China gain great deals of profit in handset sales and revenue obtained from such trade. Online marketing through Internet has increased demand raising revenues levied from internet users. International sales and marketing plans, as well as strategies set by mobile phone manufacturers and distributors all over the world, more than half a billion mobile phones were sold worldwide in 2009. In fact, analysts expect the number to double within a period of not more th an five years. Sales relates to marketing in a way that is very simple to understand yet very complicated in explaining. Exporters and importers in UK, France, and Germany expressed great need for faster internet enabled mobile phones. How did they come up with such a radical need? Experts have painted an ideal picture to describe the relationship between sales and marketing. It functions in an extremely miner percentage of potential customers willing and ready to buy a product. It also functions in merely those who would possibly buy at a future date as well as those others who are mildly interested in buying. For those expressing will or wish to buy at a future date, a company must assemble and assign sales representatives to create a friendly and informative follow up where this might be in form of a mail or voice broadcast. In order to reap maximum benefits through marketing and selling, investors must express will to take broad marketing measures. They might take the form of or ganizing inter-business marketing conferences, road shows, and advertising on televisions or over the radio (Naresh, 2011:43). This is evident in countries like Japan where mobile service providers have partnered with banking firms to provide mobile banking services hence this has seen the Japan claim the most vast share of mobile banking and money transfers. For them to realize this, the information technology marketers must have worked hard

Introduction to Prophet Muhammad

Introduction to Prophet Muhammad The choice of the topic was prompted because of the numerous impacts and transformation the leadership of prophet Muhammad had made to humanity and the world in general. So many scholars and historians such as Michael hart calyle in his book the hundred and mahatma ghandi even though they were not Muslims they made so many assertions that the world had never witnessed a leader who has achieved so much in all spheres of leadership ; socially, economically and religiously like such as man (Muhammad SAW). An Arab man who does not know how to read or write, but was able to transform the whole of Arabian Peninsula in less than three decades. He was able to change the mind of Arabian people who happens to be so barbaric during the jahiliya period killing one another. They fought so many battles due to ethnicity, ignorance and land disputes which usually last for decades. As he came in, he was able to unite them, change their focus so as to love one another as it was reported in one of his tradition that: none of you is a complete believer unless he loves for his brother what he loves for himself. In the glorious Quran, Allah the most high says: O mankind, I have created you from a single male and female and made you in to nations and tribes; so that you man know one another. None of you is greater than the other except he who fears Allah the most. Hence all are equal before Allah. From the aforementioned, I can categorically say that prophet Muhammad SAW is a role model to leaders of all kind; politically, economically, psychologically and religiously. Therefore all leaders in the world should learn and embrace the method of his leadership, this is because he conquered the whole of Arabian Peninsula without fierce battle except where they fought against him then he fights back in defense of his territorial sovereignty. I also choose the topic because he was able to liberate women from the bondage of becoming extinct. The world over, there is no religion that has given women the liberation, respect and recognition than the religion of Islam with its leader Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as it was enshrined in the holy book of Allah. But before the advent of this great leader, a female child born to a family is considered to ne a cause as such, they were either killed or buried alive. This was mentioned in the glorious Quran where Allah says; whenever one of them is giving a glad tiding of a female child, his fact would become darkened in sorrow in high state of grief. He will separate from his people the bad tidings he was given should he bury it in the earth. But he was able to bring liberation to the female folks, not only to the female folk but to humanity in general as stated in the glorious Quran we do not send you expect as a mercy to the world. Introduction: Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him his progeny) is the Prophet of Islam and the last prophet that God sent to mankind. He is considered the Seal of the Prophets, which means the bringer of the final revelations from God, and God will not send another prophet after him. Brief life history of Prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, then called Hijaz, in 560 A.D. Shortly after, he became an orphan, and was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib. He had no formal education and there is no documentation that he was taught to read or write before he declared his prophet hood. The Arabs of that region  were very backward, illiterate, immoral, and cruel. They were polytheists and idol worshippers. As a young man, Muhammad kept aloof from others and did not participate in pagan rituals and popular cultural activities. He frequently went to a cave known as Hira in order to meditate and seek nearness to God. At the age of forty, he received the first revelations from God, through Angel Gabriel. From that point on, he declared that there was only one God and that he was the Prophet of God. The pagan establishment vehemently opposed him. They offered him authority, honor, gold and silver, and any earthly pleasures that he desired, in order to stop preaching about one God and preaching against idol worship. Prophet Muhammad outright refused these offers, stating that if they put the sun in his right hand and moon in his left hand, he would not renounce his mission to preach about the one God. His followers were tortured and some of them were brutally killed. He and his followers were banished from his home city, isolated, and faced hardship and hunger. He finally emigrated to Medina,  where he was welcomed, and there he established himself. Muhammad as a youth. He refused to associate with people of his age in vain and immoral cultural practices of his time. As a young adult, he was dignified, soft-spoken, and considerate. He was so honest and trustworthy that he gained the respect of his peers  and the society, and earned the title of al-Amin, meaning the trusted. Muhammad the Prophet: He was focused, consistent, extremely patient, kind, and forgiving. He withstood the hatred and insults of his people and never retaliated in kind. During his banishment, he and his followers were socially and economically boycotted, and they underwent hunger, deprivation, and isolation. He kept the morale of his followers high and bore the hardships equally with the rest of his people, with full trust in the Divine Will. Muhammad the Statesman. He conducted the affairs of state with a great amount of diplomacy and wisdom. He sent emissaries to Roman and Persian monarchs and other governments near and far. He received ambassadors and delegations from other countries. They went away impressed and, in many instances, embraced his teachings. Muhammad the Commander in Chief. He fought wars, planned strategies, and actively participated in armed conflicts to defend himself and the new faith. A single defeat in any of the wars would have resulted in his death and an end to his mission. Muhammad as Judge: He judged impartially, with due consideration to all the parties involved. His decisions were based upon justice, compassion, and strictly upon divine laws. He did not permit nepotism, favoritism, or partisanship to interfere with justice. The rich, the poor, the lowly, the mighty, the privileged, and the downtrodden felt safe and secure under his administration. Muhammad the Lawgiver. Under his administration, criminal and civil laws were established based upon the Quranic injunctions. These laws were comprehensive,  addressing all situations. Many of the laws were based upon established Abrahamic and Mosaic religious laws. Muhammad as a teacher. His knowledge and understanding of the Quran was unmatched. He taught morals, ethics, mannerism, and civility to the uncultured Arabs of his time. He had remarkable tact and never belittled even the most ignorant and uncultured inquirer. Muhammad the family man. He was kind and respectful to his wives and promoted respect and kindness to parents. Arabs at that time used to bury alive their newborn girls out of shame. He forbade that practice, and taught that the education and raising of daughters was a virtuous act. He dealt with his wives with kindness and compassion, and  was frequently seen participating in house chores. Muhammad the ruler of Arabia. From an orphan, to pauper, then persecuted, then a refugee, then head of state, and finally the ruler of nearly all Arabia, he did not change  his demeanor. He continued to be humble and unpretentious. He was readily accessible. Bedouin Arabs used to call upon him, and even sometimes rebuked him based on their poor understanding of Islam. He showed the utmost amount of patience in dealing with them. Muhammads mission accomplished. In his lifetime, the religion of Islam as taught by him was completed and perfected. Islam became the religion of most of Arabia. This accomplishment is unparalleled in the history of mankind. No prophet before him could claim success like that of Muhammad. During their lifetime, their own people essentially rejected the two great prophets, Moses and Jesus. Great discoveries. Based on the teachings of Muhammad, the Arab Muslims made great strides in various fields of human knowledge. At the time when Europe was in the dark ages, universities and schools in Baghdad, Iraq were busy in research and discoveries in nearly all field of human knowledge, including astronomy, physics, mathematics, and medicine. Students from all over the world came to study there. During his prophet hood, as the Quran was revealed to him, he recited the verses to his companions, usually explaining their meanings to teach them. It must be noted that this is one of the prophets responsibilities. Elements of the prophets explanations are; Clarifying verses whose intents are not understood Indication of names, places, times etc. which have not been mentioned in the verse Restriction of meanings which have been given as absolute Reconciling expressions which seem contradictory Although scholars including ibn Taymiyyah claim that the prophet has commented on the whole of the Quran, others including Ghazali cite the limited amount of narratives, thus indicating that he has commented only on a portion of the Quran. These interpretations have not been collected independently in a book; rather, they have been recorded in hadith books, under the topic of tafsir, along with other narrations of the prophet. The leadership qualities I find most admirable were his humility, his recognition of talent, and his ability to think counterintuitive. When the prophet received his first revelation, he trembled with fear. He was fully aware of the awesome responsibility. So fearful was he that he could confide only to his wife Khatijah. In an era where females generally and wives in Particular were mere chattels of men, that he took her in confidence was remarkable. It reflected his inner strength and Confidence in judgment, regardless of the prevailing norms. He trusted and respected his wife, a rare trait in that time and place. It also reflected his deep humility. Lesser mortals who thought they had been chosen by God would undoubtedly Proclaim that fact loudly for the world to hear, a la George Bush, Jr., or Pat Robertson. True to his humility, he preached initially only to his close family and friends. He was fully aware that his message would Literally turn his society upside down, transforming it for the better. He risked dividing his community in the process. Allah in His Wisdom did not choose His Last Messenger randomly. Long before Allah had chosen him, Muhammad had already demonstrated his noble and sterling character. He was Al Amin, the Trustworthy, to his community in preaching, the Prophet was careful in ensuring that his followers memorized only the divine revelations, not his commentaries. He forbade what would be considered today as a personality cult. Had he not done so, every Muslim home would be adorned with his portrait, cities named after him, and statues erected in his honor. For added measure, Muslims would be sporting amulets bearing his name or likeness for protection and good luck charms. During his prophet hood, as the Quran was revealed to him, he recited the verses to his companions, usually explaining their meanings to teach them. It must be noted that this is one of the prophets responsibilities. Elements of the prophets explanations are; Clarifying verses whose intents are not understood Indication of names, places, times etc. which have not been mentioned in the verse Restriction of meanings which have been given as absolute Reconciling expressions which seem contradictory Although scholars including ibn Taymiyyah claim that the prophet has commented on the whole of the Quran, others including Ghazali cite the limited amount of narratives, thus indicating that he has commented only on a portion of the Quran. These interpretations have not been collected independently in a book, rather, they have been recorded in hadith books, under the topic of tafsir, along with other narrations of the prophet There are several factors that caused Muhammad SAW to be a successful leader. They are: 1. Belief (faith) is strong, recognition (justification) with the heart, sounding, by the tongue, demonstrated through action and body. 2. Fair, able to cause a sense of justice equally to all people without exception. Justice of the Prophet is never sacrificed in the name of any such reflection of Allahs teachings, Do not make your hate to a nation that will make you do not apply fair (QS 5:8). Prophet aware that justice is the correct window in order to realize a prosperous society. 3. Affection, he actually led with the touch of love, empathy and sympathetic that there is no counterpart that is presented to all the people. Prophet Muhammads unique communication and leadership style led to the spread of Islam, not only within Arabia but also outside to the north, south, east, west and southwest of Arabia.   As a leader during wartime or as a leader during peacetime, Prophet Muhammad proved to master skillful techniques with which he accomplished his goals in delivering the message of Islam. Prophet Muhammad communicative values of liberty, justice, modesty, and politeness were matched with practical deeds. The people saw this action of his and identified with.  Prophet Muhammad skills as manifested in his speeches demonstrated to the eyes of all humankind that he was indeed a great leader worthy of note. His skillful use of rhetoric demonstrated his commitment for meaningful competent communication for humankind in general. His speeches demonstrated that he sought to see all humankind from the lens of kindness, modesty, moderation, justice, liberty, gentility, generosity and love. Regardless of religion and political affiliation, Prophet Muhammad use Islam as a channel to preach kindness. This study has shown through his manifold communicative talents that he tried to influence thoughts by advocating kindness in our dealings with one another. By indicating to his wife Aisha that she should love the poor, it was an indirect way to teach all humankind to share love and kindness regardless of a persons economic background. This same implication in the speeches of the Prophet can be discerned in his notion of modesty.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The world today is far from modest. Political factions and all sorts of social and economic discrimination have segmented the human race. People now think more in terms of class. Modesty is exclusive to members of the club. If you do not belong you can neither be heard nor seen. Prophet Muhammad speeches on the need for modest behavior and his exemplary behavior seen throughout this study have a significant meaning to our lives. When he said that every religion must have some kind of meaningful character, he laid emphasis on the fact that Islam was a modest religion.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   On the other hand, he was calling on all Islamic believers to question their conscience whether by following the belief system of Islam; they were practicing its basic tenets of modesty. He who is not has to examine his conscience and choose the rightful path and not be a hypocrite. This is how significant Mohammads message is to the world of today. This is what he intended to achieve in his message. Since modesty is akin to moderation, the Prophets communication themes also laid emphasis on it.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   His speech about abstaining from extremism in the practice of Islam has a greater significance to our world of today. His intended his message about religious extremism to be upheld through out the lifespan of humankind. He was so emphatic about this issue because he believed that by practicing extreme Islamic rituals or ideals, the person or persons doing so would be following something else than Islam and that kind of attitude could send a different signal to his enemies. And the only way to show to potential followers of Islam that by practicing extreme Islam, they were not true followers of Allah, he said: Those people who went to extremes (in practicing their religion) were destroyed. (This therefore, shows in no ambiguous terms that Prophet Muhammad condones extreme religious practices. The findings on the Prophets values of moderation revealed that he placed a lot of weight on mannerism. Humankind has to match words with deeds. Believers were not to say one thing and do the other. When told by some of his followers that they will abstain from women and devote their entire energy to prayer, he responded by stating that he was married. This was like an indirect way to inform the speaker that there was no room for pretense. By choosing to abstain you open yourself to irresistible temptation. Getting married would therefore serve as the means to shun sin and other forms of temptation. This is certainly the landmark of difference between Muhammad and other spiritual and secular leaders of his time and today. To begin with, some other spiritual leaders remained unmarried and by deciding to do so created a pattern for their followers to follow suit. But experience has shown that most of these followers could not faithfully follow their religion without falling into the te mptation of bodily pleasures. This could have been unwelcome by Muhammad. He foresaw this kind of contradiction and so taught by examples. It was like doing justice to natures calling. The Prophet was in essence advocating justice between sexes.

An analysis of the opening of Nosferatu by F.W. Murnau Essay

Within the horror genre of horror, vampires are particularly popular. During the silent horror films era there was another popular genre, the western. While the western declined in popularity during the 1970’s, the horror film has sustained an audience for over 20 years. The reason for this is that things that are supernatural fascinate people and strangely people are attracted by the emotional effects of the horror films ability to shock, disgust and to repel. Some of the most popular films that feature vampires, both modern and old include – Nosferatu (1977) the earliest adaptation of â€Å"Dracula†, a novel written by Bram Stoker , in addition to this another film in the horror sector, is Van Helsing (2005), another film featuring the infamous Count Dracula. Vampires are so popular because of their characteristics and their supernatural powers. Count Dracula was created as a novel by a writer called Bram Stoker in 1897. At the time of its creation it didn’t spring up a lot of attention, when the movie came out more people were interested in it. Dracula has remained popular since, and many films have had him as a main antagonist or in some cases as a protagonist or used his name in the title to add additional effect to the movie. A lot of Nosferatus parts and bits were copied by modern titles. It is the second most used character in the film industry after Sherlock Holmes. Although vampires have been known and popular since medieval times, introducing Count Dracula into the genre brought real popularity to it and increased the interest in vampires. When it became popular in 1910s some people became very interested in the structure Bram Stoker wrote it and studied it at university therefore changing the novel into an academic novel. The full name of the film is Nosferatu , Eine symphony des Grauns (in English: Nosferatu a Symphony of Horror). It was made in 1922 and was directed by F.W. Murnau, who was born in 1888 and starring Max Schreck. Before the film was made, Bram Stokers widow, Florence Stoker refused to turn her husband’s novel into a film. That brought some trouble into the making of the movie as Murnau already started producing the film. He got past this problem by cunningly changing the name of the film to Nosferatu and changing Dracula to Count Orlock. The characters Jonathan Harker became Hutter and Van Helsing became Bulner. The setting was also changed from Victorian London to Bremen. Nosferatu was different to other films of the time. Most of the film was shot location in Eastern Europe therefore there was a sense of realism and expressionism in the film. When the film was released, Florence Stoker noticed the similarities and sued the movie. In July 1925, the German Court ordered all the prints of the film to be destroyed. However somehow the film survived the destruction and can be bought in today’s shops. Nosferatu is a silent movie. During the time it was filmed they didn’t have the technology to film a â€Å"talking movie†. Talking movies were only introduced in the late 1920s. There is a possibility that they wanted to keep it a silent film because people were used to them, in addition to this they might have kept it a silent movie to create a special atmosphere, kind of scary and eerie. A silent film is a film with no synchronised recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures is nearly as old as the film itself. The film Nosferatu is accompanied by classical music all the way through it. At the start of the film there is eerie music which is classical, it consists of string instruments that create an effect contrasting to the bright and happy scene. During the film the music continues and hasn’t got many changes to it but when Hutter leaves the Inn and is on his way to Count Orlock castle and crosses the bridge the music changes from a higher pitch of a steady violin into a heavier slower cello to change the atmosphere from a lighter and brighter into a darker and mysterious one. When the carriage speeds up at the end of their journey the music becomes more frantic and a harp joins in to show the action the action speeds up and becomes more intense. This also supports the supernatural effect by increasing the natural speed of music which the audience have never met and therefore making the audience more anxious. The acting in Nosferatu is completely different to acting in modern films as in modern films the actors do not need to exaggerate their actions as much. They are accompanied by both music and effects therefore their actions are easier to understand and are self-explanatory rendering the need to exaggerate useless unless it is a comedy in which the exaggeration is far more important. During the film there is a lot of exaggeration moments when the characters need to show what they mean, how they feel, without speaking. For example at the very start when Hutter mentions Count Orlock, everybody in the in stops what they are doing which shows that something has happened as the second before the inn was very busy and lively, now it has and died down. This shows the fear and scary atmosphere. Without the exaggeration of the characters we wouldn’t be able to see and understand what was happening. In addition to this the facial expressions of the characters really are exaggerated e.g. when Hutter wakes up you can see his face transforming from sleepy to very happy or when you see the reaction of the people when Hutter mentions the Count. â€Å"It was a strong face, with peculiar arched nostrils and high domed forehead. His eyebrows were massive. The mouth was fixed and rather cruel looking with sharp white teeth, which hung over his lip. For the rest, his ears were pale and at the top extremely pointed, the chin was broad and strong, the cheeks firm though thin†¦.†. This is a extract from Dracula by Bram Stoker. There isn’t much difference between the Dracula by Stoker and Count Orlock pictured by Murnau except that Count Orlock had a hunchback which gave him an aura of a freak, a deformed monster which further emphasized his horrific appearance. In addition to this Count Orlock was bald which made him a bit more scary then Dracula described by Stoker. The lighting in Nosferatu plays a very important part in setting the atmosphere of the film. It makes the setting in most of the scenes and has a climate to it. For example at the start of the film we are presented with a bright scene containing an old German Nordic building, which is well lit and bright on the left side, but a tree on the right cast a shadow on the inn and the carriage which symbolises a mysterious shadow on the events to come. Another example of the usage of the lightning is also an example of German expressionism, this is when Hutter looks out the window and you can see the valley coming down, in the background you can see the a very dark forest which casts a shadow on the bright scene and creates an eerie and mysterious atmosphere. The use of darkness is also very important in the creation of the atmosphere. For example when it start to get dark after Hutter looks out the window we can see that the animals start to flee, which suggests to the reader that they are scared of something which is yet to come in the darkness. Just as camera shots are framed to interpret a films narrative, so camera movement can direct an audiences attention to details or a particular viewpoint within a film. In the early days of films, scenes were shot with only one or two cameras on fixed tripods, so reality appeared in a rather two dimensional way. Now, directors commonly use multiple cameras so audiences can see the action from a range of prospective giving a more realistic, 3 dimensional experience. The camera effects in Nosferatu suit the technology that was available to filmmakers at the time Nosferatu was filmed. The film is filmed at a frame rate of 16 to 23 frames per second. The camera plays an important part in Nosferatu as most effects are created by the camera, for example when Hutter looks out the window he can see the valley coming down. This has an effect of something leaning over the events yet to come, also when the tree is move to the fore ground and the mountain is in the background tat also has the same effect as the valley coming down. In addition to this there is a long shot and there is a mountain in the background. The long shot gives the feeling of layers in the scene. Mise-en-scene is the most important part of Nosferatu. This is because the usage of the settings, props, costumes and makeup was very important for the silent movies as they had a message to get across (e.g. fear) without using dialogue, sound and very little music or none at all. For example at the very start of the movie the viewer is introduced with the title, its in bold letters, in a gothic style. The way its presented with the letter that look like blood is flowing down the screen, suggest that it is a horror film and gives a mysterious atmosphere. It also bring a suggestion that the film has German Expressionism in it. In addition when Hutter drops the book advising on vampires it bring him bad luck. The use of the prop there gives the viewer a sort of a feeling Hutter was stupid doing that and that the bad luck will catch up with him. The sense of weirdness in Nosferatu is also created when Hutter looks out the window and sees the valley coming down, the animals running away we can see a man running down the hill in a nightgown. This gives the audience a feeling of confusion and puts a weird atmosphere in and leaves the audience asking themselves what is going on? Also when he throws the book down it gives the audience a sense of ignorance and irony about Hutter. When Hutter crosses the bridge to get to Orlocks cast, the bridge is used as metaphor that if he crosses he cant come back and another bridge is put in to emphasize the metaphor. In my opinion mise en scene played a very important part in Nosferatu. Film directors and editors splice scenes together to form the most effective narrative for their films. Unused film footage of scenes and takes sometimes ends up as out takes. The cuts should help the continuity of a films storyline. The types of cuts directors insert can act as cues for audiences, helping them to pick up the storyline quicker. Some of these editing techniques include: Jump cut used to make the audience and montage to give a great deal of information in a brief period. The film Nosferatu is edited in a couple of ways. One of them is the usage of intertitles. Intertitles are special frames that show what the characters is saying and in result move the plot along and speed the action up a bit, which makes the reader more interested. Another technique that Nosferatu uses is moving from night to morning very quickly which also speeds up the action and keeps the audience interested. Many scenes with nature so its montage. In my opinion the film Nosferatu was a very good and interesting for the times it was made in but in the long run it cannot compete with new horror films that appeal to the new audiences. Also it doesn’t have the interesting parts of modern films and the case of it now having any sound puts some audiences off. By studying I have learnt quite a lot about the movie industry and its beginnings. For example when the 1st horror movie was made and how many problems it had. In addition to this I learnt about a lot the techniques used by directors in the films.

Hamlet As A Comedy, Witness The Dark Humor - 1477 Words

While Hamlet is considered a tragedy the humor that is displayed can change it from a tragedy to a tragi-comedy. Hamlet has been called one of William Shakespeare’s greatest works (Draudt, 85). Death is sad but the dark humor gives it a different satire to the event. The language of the play is used to create comedy with wit that is meant to be pleasing to the audience and define what kind of characters are in the play. Hamlet the person plays many parts the clown, the fool and the madman. Hamlet is his own dramatis persons within an ironic tragic-comedy mocking the corrupt court of Denmark (Lamont, 382). Dark humor is the kind of comedy that does not embody criticism of human folly; it embraces imagination and human freedom (Thompson, 219). This essay is designed to give a brief synopsis for the reader to see Hamlet as a comedy, witness the dark humor. The emotions involved in the heroic plot are due to the nature of the tragi-comedy that has two distinct components. The first is usurpation and the second is the invasion or threat/defense/death. The usurpation involves the rightful leader being removed from his position of authority illegitimately. The ruler is sent into exile and nearly dies, is the most common form of this plot. The invasion focuses on the conflict with in the society, the royal family (Hogan, 35). Hogan’s theory of a tragic-comedy outlines why and how Hamlet is a comedy. 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