Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Programming Piracy past the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s driving PC organizing hardware creator Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, documented a claim against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States auxiliaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the claim, Cisco affirmed that Huawei took licensed innovation by replicating its Internet Operating System (IOS) programming and its copyrighted client manuals. Cisco additionally guaranteed that Huawei encroached on its licenses. After various bombed endeavors to determine these objections legitimately with Huawei, which incorporated a stop this instant letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom wholesalers, Cisco concluded that a claim was important to secure the organization and its shareholder’s advantages. The claim was prepared through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will give a diagram of this milestone case and talk about whether each organization had an alternate perspective on morals that started from contrasting social points of view. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page grievance recorded in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas requested a preliminary by jury because of Huawei’s misappropriation and licensed innovation encroachment in the advancement of its contending Quidway switches. One of Huawei’s United States based entirely claimed auxiliary, FutureWei, is situated in Plano, Texas; the other auxiliary Huawei America is situated in California’s Silicon Valley, close by Cisco Systems’ central station. The China-based parent organization is a multi-billion dollar enterprise that has fabricated system and media communications gear since 1988. Huawei showcased its Quidway switch... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/local/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, second version, Prentice Hall, 2003. Banners got from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Gm Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Gm Swot Analysis Essay General Motors Company is an American global car partnership headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. One of the top automaker organizations on the planet. General Motors most notable as GM has buy a few brands throughout the years. Everything began with William â€Å"Billy† Durant who was the organizer of General Motors on September 16, 1908 (History and Heritage) Durant was a producer of pony attracted vehicles Flint, Michigan yet observed extraordinary open doors in the car business. As request became throughout the years did as well GM. The car organization purchased Chevrolet, Vauxhall and Opel. GM opened numerous plants inside and outside the United States and they needed to make â€Å"a vehicle for each handbag and purpose† (History and Heritage) World War I and II were difficult situations for each organization however GM discovered open doors on shoppers who were anxious to buy merchandise that were impractical during war. The way in to the achievement of GM was the creative plans that made buyers felt in affection, for example, Chevrolet Corvette and BelAir, Cadillac El Dorado. Simultaneously, the organization provided the Allies during war with trucks, tanks and planes. GM raked in tons of cash and all the more significantly gain from this experience. Be that as it may, everything was not impeccable as organizations need to continue developing and altering so as to continue driving an industry. Outside automakers organizations from Japan and Germany put forth attempts to go up against GM and fare vehicles to the United States that were littler and would be advised to gas mileage and they were additionally better for the earth. This new kinds of vehicles carried enthusiasm to shoppers and GM began encountering misfortunes in the market. Since GM was an enormous organization it was hard to alter course. So as to go up against outside organizations, GM needed to revamp the organization and contend as a solitary worldwide organization. What's more, GM buy more brands to show signs of improvement assortment of vehicles however the organization despite everything couldn't keep pace of the eco-friendly and space of other remote organizations that were developing and remove a portion of the piece of the overall industry of GM. Regardless of everything, GM continues endeavoring to recapture share from contenders and the eco-friendly is a key region to improve. These days there are different wellsprings of vitality, for example, electric vehicle innovation and hydrogen controlled energy component. GM was putting forth huge attempts to contend yet a downturn happened during 2008 and the organization sought financial protection. The U.S. treasury gave a credit to General Motors to proceed in business and rebuild its tasks. These days, GM is an increasingly lean organization and it has rebuild it is activities so as to be more spotlight available. GM has experience incredible deals and is selling more vehicles outside the U.S in key markets. Therefore, GM is the main automaker organization in China, Brazil, United Kingdom, Germany and United States. GM has another face, they have rebuild the association and the organization has another plan of action with another vision and experience workers that comprehend the stuff to be the main automaker organization on the planet. GM is center around conveying the world’s best vehicles with decent plans, proficient fuel and great costs. Simultaneously, they have gained from the past that geologically, the interest for vehicles are unique so they have take a shot at conveying vehicles relying upon the landmass where they are working. GM realizes that so as to be a main organization they can't simply sell vehicles; they need to offer the correct vehicle to the correct market. GM has indicated that they are equipped for having the most recent innovation with the Chevrolet Volt and they would continue advancing to fulfill clients request in each space in the globe. At long last GM needs to have a proactive methodology rather than a receptive methodology and they realize that they need a proactive way to deal with keep steady over the business and characterize the business gauges. GM realizes that they despite everything have shortcomings in the organization, for example, an enormous organization that it is hard to control. Simultaneously, outside organizations, for example, Honda, Toyota, Nissan, Kia, Volkswagen have gain clients dedication and it would be a test for GM to pick up piece of the pie from them. Different shortcoming of GM would be the mind boggling gracefully chain of the organization since it is a huge organization and it would have various parts from various producers and it is exceptionally hard to monitor all the requests. GM needs to build up an approach to have a low eco-friendly in the entirety of their vehicles in light of the fact that the vast majority realize that American vehicles spend bunches of gas. The chances of GM are a few. GM has numerous models that are portions of the car business and they have overhaul a few models so individuals would get them. Additionally they have the help of the U.S government and they can give better advance to clients. GM is likewise present in developing markets. For instance, China is encountering develop in their vehicle industry since progressively Chinese individuals can manage the cost of one. GM is well situation in China and they have gained from joint endeavor what Chinese individuals is glancing in a vehicle. In addition, they have rebuilt the plan of action of the organization and they know about their upper hand and they know the zones where they need to improve. The dangers face by GM could be the ascent of fuel cost or the advancement of a contender that would give a vehicle to client that utilizes a less expensive vitality to utilize it. Likewise, contender may improve their structures, costs or quality. Another danger might be the vehicle sharing assistance or another Chinese approach that upsets organizations in China. As I would like to think, the greatest danger of GM is the mileage measures. The organization would need to work more diligently around there to show signs of improvement than the main automakers here which is Honda and Toyota. To finish up, I accept that GM is working superbly having a more slender activities and selling various models in every mainland since the circumstance in America is certainly not equivalent to in Europe. In any case, they have to make a solid effort to remain in business in light of the fact that different organizations are picking up customers’ devotion and improving each year. Works Cited â€Å"This is the New GM†. 2010 Annual Report. General Motors Company, n,d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013. History and Heritage. History and Heritage. General Motors, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2013.

Where is My Award Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Where is My Award Letter COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I want to provide an update regarding financial aid award letters.   There are two things that have posed some challenges in generating award information this year. First, Columbia University is in the process implementing a new university wide financial aid software system.   This changeover has taken a bit longer than expected and we have been working hard to get everything programed to run correctly. Second, as you might have seen in the news, the Federal government has instituted some new policies that change the way Federal student loans are administered.   This change only took effect recently and we have to integrate this into our software processing.   The loan programs have not changed in substance, it is just that the government will be handling 100% of the processing rather than sharing duties with private banks. Let me give a short overview of the types of aid that are available and what your package is likely to include.   I will start with U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents. First, any U.S. Citizen or Permanent Resident is eligible for $20,500 per academic year (two semesters) in Stafford Loan funding (assuming the applicant has not defaulted on a previous Federal loan).   There are two types of Stafford Loans: subsidized and unsubsidized.   The government will pay the interest on subsidized loans while students are enrolled and does not pay the interest on unsubsidized loans while you are enrolled.   There is no credit check required to qualify for a Stafford loan and the exact split between subsidized and unsubsidized funding will be based on the expected family contribution (EFC) generated by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).   The only lender for these loans is the U.S. Federal Government. Second, U.S. Citizens or Permanent Residents can apply for a federal PLUS loan.   This loan is administered through the Government as well and does require a credit check.   The loan amount can be up to the cost of attendance, minus all other aid received. So let us say for example that you qualify for $20,500 in Stafford loans and the total cost of attendance   (education and living expenses for one academic year) is $60,000.   You could apply for a PLUS loan up to $39,500 in this scenario ($60,000 minus $20,500). Third, if you do not wish to apply for PLUS loan or apply for one and are denied, you can pursue a private education loan through a bank.   Many banks offer private loans for educational purposes and you can find a list of such banks here. Fourth, depending on the EFC generated by your FAFSA, you might be eligible to receive a Perkins loan.   A Perkins loan is also a government based program, but it is administered by Columbia University.   The benefit of a Perkins loan is that it has a lower interest rate however the maximum a student can receive at SIPA is $6,000.   Also, the University only has a limited amount   Perkins funding to award.   Perkins loans are given to applicants with the lowest EFCs first until the money in the Perkins loan fund for the year has been depleted. Fifth, work study awards allow students to apply for jobs on campus.   Like the Perkins loan, work study is awarded based on EFC and we do have a limited amount to award.   First year students that receive work study can apply for jobs at SIPA and across the university. Finally, any funding that have received from SIPA or an outside organization is included in your financial aid calculation.   So, if you were awarded a SIPA fellowship of $20,000, this will be included on your financial aid package and will help to determine the amount of other awards you might qualify for.   In addition, if you have received funding from an outside organization you will have to provide this information to our office so that we can make sure that it gets applied to your student account and included in your financial aid package. If you are not a U.S. Citizen there are loan options, but at present we are only aware of programs through U.S. banks   that require a cosigner that is typically a U.S. Citizen or Permanent Resident.   In the past we have worked with banks to provide loans that do not require a U.S. cosigner, however we do not have such an option at this point in time, mainly due to turbulence in the financial markets in recent history. International students can also apply for jobs on campus, but this process is competitive.   To start researching U.S. banks that might be able to offer loans to international students, please click here. Some applicants have asked about the possibility of working at SIPA to help defer educational costs.   We do provide such positions at SIPA, however they are reserved for second year students. Our new financial aid software will provide information to you in much the same way that our admission application system does.   When an evaluation of your data has been completed, you will receive an email and you will be asked to log in to an online system to view the awards you are eligible to receive.   We hope to start sending out notices any day now. Thank you for your patience and if you want to do some more reading on the topic, feel free to visit the financial aid portion of our Web site.

Biographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes...

Biographical and Historical Approach to Langston Hughes Dream Boogie Michelle Cooks ENG Teacher January 30, 2012 A biographical or historical approach attempt to measure how much an authors life or history has influenced their writings. Most of the time, writings are strengthened when the author writes from a biographical or historical angle, and the importance of their history becomes significant when it is used to create characters that express its values and examines trends that occur in that time period. When using a biographical or historical approach to an author and his work, it is important that the critic is familiar with the circumstances that the author writes about. The critic must explain whether or not the†¦show more content†¦Langston Hughes embraced his surroundings and adopted the characteristics from his culture, and with his unique style, tone, and use of symbols, he used his writings as a plan to identify and overcome the injustices of the African American people in Harlem during the Civil Rights Movement. Langston Hughes short poem, Dream Boogie captured my attent ion because of the style in which it was written and honestly, because of the author. The use of his words and the style of his writing, also known as the tone of this short poem give the reader insight into the dialect of African Americans in Harlem during Hughes era. Their language, which was considered slang, was informal and contained made-up words and used common words in abnormal ways. For example, Hughes used words such as aint and boogie-woogie, which was a term that was used in Harlem to refer to the blues. The tone was set on the style of be-bop, which is slang for jazz music. This is music that is improvised or made-up and put together along the way and originated in Harlem (Dictionary, 2005). Langston Hughes stated that jazz music to him is one of the deep-rooted styles of expression of the Negro life in America (Clugston, 2010). The rhythm in Dream Boogie is altered and does not have a continuous repeated pattern (Kate, 53). Through his imagination, Hughes designed this poem to reflect the mood and attitude of be-bop, and his unclearness orShow MoreRelatedReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie1222 Words   |  5 PagesReader-Response Criticism: Langston Hughes’ Dream Boogie T Wilkins ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Instructor M. XXXXXXXXX May 22, 2011 Literature, no matter what the topic of form it comes in, has the ability to raise issues, spark thought/imagination, and/or draw out emotions that have been buried deep within us as people. It is expected, from the authors, that readers will form opinions and criticisms for their works. Be it that the readers’ emotions parallel those of the writerRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United States

What Does College Essay Admission Samples Mean?

What Does College Essay Admission Samples Mean? The more you tell us about your requirements, the better essay help we'll be in a position to provide. There are hundreds and hundreds of books and articles with suggestions and suggestions about how to write a college entrance essay. For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's absolutely free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Bear in mind, your words continue to be an issue of translation! Schools want shaped individuals involved with something larger than themselves. Or, you might not have a specific subject your exceptional at, but you need a good deal of interests and experiences in machinery or metalworks. The urge to help people has ever been there for me. Take into consideration the choices you have made in your career, and the way your previous experiences have combined to supply you with your present skill collection. What You Should Do to Find Out About College Essay Admission Samples Before You're Left Behind Immersion in culture provides you a legitimate immersion in language. Every applicant from INSEAD is coming from an exceptional background and from many unique nations. Language helps others become introduced to a different culture. It is one facet of culture, and the most reliable window into it. One of the most difficult facets of college life is finances. One of the very first things to do in order to college is applying. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the probabilities of admission. Oeuvre the very best college admission essays are among the most provocative details of the college employment transform, and it's also among the most eventful. A Secret Weapon for College Essay Admission Samples The stream of your essay ought to be smooth and logical. Words which you might have never run into. The ideal answer is one which shows you're self-m otivated and don't need paid work to carry on developing yourself. The second region of the question also has to be answered. Such questions need deep introspection for you to get to the core of your nature and influences. Answering such a question would ask that you introspect. 1 important part of an overall good college admissions plan is having a good test program. The admissions committee may scan your private statement for plagiarism working with an on-line program. It is crucial to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. Anthony was not a great student. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're expected to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. These concepts utilised in my system are made to help your student both creatively and systematically craft some of the best college admissions essays feasible. The majority of the students feel difficulty to compose their college essay since they have not sufficient understanding about college essay. Another tip is to simply downplay the terrible grades by your college admission essay. The Basics of College Essay Admission Samples You Can Learn From Beginning Immediately The college essay is by far one of the greatest tools available within the application process to permit your student to significantly stick out from the competition. Our crew of experienced professionals will give you individual attention and exceptional guidance throughout your procedure for application. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost alw ays short which makes many possible applicants worry they will not have the ability to submit their sample essay for MBA application in time. If you don't find out how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be happy to help you. After the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. As the writer you are the person in control. The Battle Over College Essay Admission Samples and How to Win It By focusing on the great things and giving the correct justifications, you greatly enhance your likelihood of admission. Now, it's merely a matter of writing the ideal things to convince admission officials that you're worth their pick. The situation is made worse by the simple fact that the expense of living keeps increasing each and every day. It's essential to take note that no additional two-word combination could create a full sentence. If you would like to submit an application for admission in a university, you have to be aware of about the subjects it is possible to study there. You should demonstrate why it is possib le to fit in the program your prospective university extends to you. You must also understand what the university is famous for. You should prove to your prospective university in addition to yourself that you're making the most suitable selection. Definitions of College Essay Admission Samples Clients are the absolute most important portion of our work. There is nothing more personal than what you decide to do outside of school or employment. As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays could be challenging. Finding another man to read your draft is a great idea too. You must find the correct resources for your essay in addition to patience when finding the correct inspiration to write. Often, it's simpler to compose the introduction at the end. Although you may want to supply relevant context for your existing role, make certain you are devoting the majority of the essay to describing the facts of your day-to-day responsibilities and oversight. Keep in mind your story ought to have a sound plot and be entertaining. Fairly brief date gaps aren't that unusual. If you don't, it's possible to actually hurt your odds of admission. Maybe you are volunteering in a non-profit that's linked to your career objectives. It is essential for you to understand that you have to be honest in what you right.

Acquisition Strategy †Summary Free Essays

ACQUISITION STRATEGY BY ALBERTO MEDINA MGT: 450 ESSENTIALS FOR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTOT: TRAVIS WILLIAMS January 23, 2011 In today’s market it is very important for company’s to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a company can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value. We will write a custom essay sample on Acquisition Strategy – Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the company’s competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership. In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargo’s competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion. Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a long time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This effort will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come. Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be duplicated, meaning their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Danisco’s revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such as sweetners and enablers. This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This gave them quick access to new technologies and other resources thus increasing their competive capabilities. Refrence 1. Essentials of Strategic Management, the Quest for Competitive Advantage 2nd Edition, John E. Gamble/ Arthur A. Thompson Jr. , McGraw-Hill/Irwin Companies Inc. 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. 2. ProQuest, Ariticle, Biotechnology; DuPont Acquire Danisco for $6. 3 Billion. Anonymous, Journal of Technological Science. Atlanta: Jan 30, 2010. pg. 609. Periodical. 3. ProQuest, Wells Fargo’s Results Show More Benefits of Wachovia Deal, Wall Street Journal(Online), New York, NY: Jan 19, 2011. Newspaper. How to cite Acquisition Strategy – Summary, Essay examples

The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic

The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust The Psychological Affects Of The Holocaust The Holocaust Was A Tragic The Psychological Affects of the Holocaust The Holocaust was a tragic point in history which many people believe never happened. Others who survived it thought it should never have been. Not only did this affect the people who lived through it, it also affected everyone who was connected to those fortunate individuals who survived. The survivors were lucky to have made it but there are times when their memories and flashbacks have made them wish they were the ones who died instead of living with the horrible aftermath. The psychological effects of the Holocaust on people from different parts such as survivors of Israel and survivors of the ghettos and camps vary in some ways yet in others are profoundly similar. The vast number of prisoners of various nationalities and religions in the camps made such differences inevitable. Many contrasting opinions have been published about the victims and survivors of the holocaust based on the writers' different cultural backrounds, personal ex periences and intelectual traditions. Therefore, the opinions of the authors of such books and entries of human behavior and survival in the concentration camps in Nazi-occupied Europe are very diverse. The Survivors of the Holocaust: General Survey Because the traumatization of the Holocaust was both individual and collective, most individuals made efforts to create a "new family" to replace the nuclear family that had been lost. In order for the victims to resist dehumanization and regression and to find support, the members of such groups shared stories about the past, fantasies of the future and joint prayers as well as poetry and expressions of personal and general human aspirations for hope and love. Imagination was an important means of liberation from the frustrating reality by opening an outlet for the formulation of plans for the distant future, and by spurring to immediate actions. Looking at the history of the Jewish survivors, from the beginning of the Nazi occupation until the liquidation of the ghettos shows that there are common features and simmilar psychophysiological patterns in their responses to the persecutions. The survivors often experienced several phases of psychosocial response, including attempts to actively master the traumatic situation, cohesive affiliative actions with intense emotional links, and finally, passive compliance with the persecutors. These phases must be understood as the development of special mechanisms to cope with the tensions and dangers of the surrounding horrifying reality of the Holocaust. There were many speculations that survivors of the Holocaust suffered from a static concentration camp syndrome. These theories were proved to have not been valid by research that was done immediately after liberation. Clinical and theoretical research focused more on psychopathology than on the question of coping and the development of specific adaptive mechanisms during the Holocaust and after. The descriptions of the survivors' syndrome in the late 1950's and 1960's created a new means of diagnosis in psychology and the behavioral sciences, and has become a model that has since served as a focal concept in examining the results of catastrophic stress situations. After more research was done, it was clear the adaptation and coping mechanisms of the survivors was affected by the aspects of their childhood experiences, developmental histories, family constellations, and emotional family bonds. In the studies and research that were done, there were many questions that were asked of the subjects: What was the duration of the traumatization?, During the Holocaust, was the victim alone or with family and friends?, Was he in a camp or hiding?, Did he use false "Aryan" papers?, Was he a witness to mass murder in the ghetto or the camp?, What were his support systems- family and friends- and what social bonds did he have? These studies showed that the experiences of those who were able to actively resist the oppression, whether in the underground or among the partisans, were different in every way from the experiences of those who were victims in extermination camps. When the survivors integrated back into society after the war, they found it very hard to adjust. It was made difficult by the fact that they often aroused ambivalent feelings of fear, avoidence, guilt, pity and anxiety. This might have been hard for them, but decades after the Holocaust